Neonatal Nursing - 1392 Words

Neonatal nurses spend their career working with babies, those that are healthy and those that are not. Working with newborns is guaranteed to have its challenges, especially for those particular nurses who choose to work in the neonatal intensive care unit. The neonatal intensive care unit, or NICU, is where the infants suffering from potentially fatal diseases/disorders are held. NICU nurses struggle with life and death situations each and everyday, which is sure to be accompanied by specific emotions such as moral distress. In the words of researcher Kain (2006), â€Å"moral distress is defined as uncomfortable, painful emotions that arise when institutional constraints prevent the nurse from performing nursing tasks that are deemed necessary†¦show more content†¦The nurses were asked to explain what they felt their obligations were to the newborn and the newborn’s family (p. 579). According to Epstein’s research, talking to the parents is one obligation tha t begins a long list of many more. Nurses are forced to confront the parents of fatally ill infants and inform them that their child is going to die. The nurse presents parents with the decision to withdraw their child from life support and allow them to die peacefully, and sometimes the nurse is even asked to help the parents make this life-changing decision (p. 580). Once a decision is made to withdraw life support, the nurses then have to assist the parents in timing the withdrawal. Nurses comforted parents by assuring them that the withdrawal of life support did not need to happen right away (Epstein, 2010, p. 581). Just like in every other decision a person makes in life, the consequences of the decision almost immediately follow. It is rightfully assumed that once a parent makes the decision to allow their infant to die they would welcome support from anyone who offered. The nurses that participated in Epstein’s study shared the same opinion. Another obligation felt by the NICU nurses was being there for the parents. Epstein (2010) explained how these nurses felt a strong obligation to stay with the parents as their child slowly faded away. Some nurses felt the need toShow MoreRelatedLabor And Delivery Nursing And Neonatal Nursing Careers : The Truth And Reality2332 Words   |  10 PagesDelivery Nursing and Neonatal Nursing Careers: The Truth and Reality Choosing a Nursing Major Samantha L. Brown Southwestern High School Mrs. Bowman 5/5/15 Abstract This research paper shows the many varying aspects of all kinds of nursing, but focuses in on Neonatal Nursing and Labor and Delivery Nursing. One will be informed on the requirements, training, job outlook, daily duties, work environment, retirement plans, income, benefits, and work hours of these two careers in nursing. One willRead MoreNeonatal Nurse : A History That Is Different From The Other Nursing Specializations1837 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Neonatal nursing has a history that is different from the other nursing specializations. Neonatal nurses have different practice settings and qualifications than other nurses. They have different job characteristics and different educational requirements. This field of nursing has also been recently in need of more trained professionals, so there are many career opportunities available. According to the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 3,100 neonatal nurses are practicing inRead MoreThe Importance of Neonatal Nursing Bonding with Patients1883 Words   |  8 PagesStability is the key to have healthy patients. Neonatal Nurses are incredible nurses to have in the healthcare facility. All Nurses can provide the same care and dependability in caring for their patient. Nurses are very consistent in the job that they perform. Being consistent, is a very good quality a nurse should have. Nurses gain feelings, and heavier bonds with their patients than doctors. Nurses grow more att ached to their patients because of the care provided. Doctor’s have a lot of patientsRead MoreNeonatal Nurse : Career Research926 Words   |  4 Pages Neonatal Nurse Career Research M. L. Wyatt Kennesaw State University Neonatal Nursing Career During my senior year of high school, our graduating class had to take more than one career assessment. I was given choices in the health and human science field. I was a lover of science and the human body so there is no wonder on why I was given these career choices. You never think about choosing a career until you are given a list of what there is to do in the world. I put a lot of time and effortRead MoreI Am A Neonatal Nurse1132 Words   |  5 PagesNursing has a variety of different specialties. The specialty I am most excited for is neonatal. Neonatal nurses are nurses who care for premature babies, otherwise known as neonates. They have many different job responsibilities, including, assessing a client’s pain, caring for them, and understanding what is best for the specific client. Despite all the criticism about my career choice, I have reinforced my decision by learning about the effects of stress, the type of care nurses implementRead MoreNeonatal Jaundice1493 Words   |  6 Pageshealthy, breastfed babies after day 7 of life, and usually peaks during weeks 2 and 3. It may last at low levels for a month or more. Breastfeeding jaundice is seen in breastfed babies in the first week of life, especially in babies who are not nursing often enough. Breastfeeding jaundice is different than breast milk jaundice. Babies who are born too early (premature) are more likely to develop jaundice than full-term babies. Conditions that increase the number of red blood cells that needRead MoreImproving Feeding Outcomes Of An Infant Driven Feeding Pathway1478 Words   |  6 Pages Improving Feeding Outcomes in the NICU: Establishing an Infant-Driven Feeding Pathway Laura Pabich BSN, RN The University of Iowa College of Nursing â€Æ' Improving Feeding Outcomes in the NICU: Establishing an Infant-Driven Feeding Pathway The most common reason preterm infants face prolonged hospitalization in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a delay in acquiring full oral feedings (Shaker, 2013). The purpose of this project is to improve feeding outcomes for preterm infants at BlankRead MoreThe Benefits Of Kangaroo Care1629 Words   |  7 Pages Jessica Plimpton FCS 497: Intro to Research Methods Fall 2015 The Benefits of Kangaroo Care for Fathers with an Infant in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU): Educational, Emotional and Paternal Role Support. Introduction Take a second to imagine you are a father, who has an infant admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for the first time. How are you feeling? Afraid? Confused, even? If your baby is admitted to the NICU, your first question probably will be:Read MoreDescription Of A Nurse : Nicu1322 Words   |  6 Pageson time newborns. The very first NICU unit was at Yale-New Haven Hospital in 1960.Before the Neonatal Intensive Care unit the babies would go to the general care pediatric areas. Back then they would build infant incubators and that would help these premature babies out with heat and everything that came equipped with helping these babies get better. Most hospitals back then didn t have a lot of neonatal intensive care units. Mostly because of the cost and how many pregnancies were there. The HistoryRead MoreNeonatal Nurse Practitioner1617 Words   |  6 PagesNeonatal Nurse Practitioner A baby was just born at 26 weeks gestation. Just over half the normal 40 weeks a baby should stay inside the mother. The baby is immediately whisked away and taken to be evaluated and prepared for a long journey ahead. Ever since I could remember babies and the nursery at the hospital have fascinated me. Whenever we would go visit a friend who had a baby, I would find myself peaking over the windows into the nursery. I have known for a while that working in the

Economics How Supply And Demand Are Affected By...

Joshua Akwaboah Microeconomics for Business Professor Nicholas Bergan The term paper is about the oil industry, which is a very important topic to people who study economics, how supply and demand are affected, controlled, and can be manipulated through its pricing strategies. Oil is a scarce commodity that is extracted from deep in the ground and it is not available everywhere. It is a commodity that has many uses and as such, its price, supply and demand fluctuate based on the needs of the economy and the market. In addition to oil being used to make gasoline it has many other uses, such as to make plastics, heating for people’s homes, in asphalt, and other things. Because of its many applications, it is a product that is in or plays an important part in our daily lives in one way or another. When the economy goes through periods of expansion, which are periods of economic growth, the demand for oil becomes greater and producers are encouraged to engage in more drilling in order to increase the supply to keep up with the consumption and also to maximize profits. Oil is a product that has very few substitutes and has many compliments or in this case, it has lots of other products that become affected when oil levels and prices fluctuate. This makes the commodity price inelastic. Though there are some alternatives to oil in respect to energy production, like solar power, wind energy, and coal, these cannot produce the output that the economy demands at an economicalShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan7429 Words   |  30 PagesMarketing plan A marketing plan is a written document that details the necessary actions to achieve one or more marketing objectives. It can be for a product or service, a brand, or a product line. Marketing plans cover between one and five years. A marketing plan may be part of an overall business plan. Solid marketing strategy is the foundation of a well-written marketing plan. While a marketing plan contains a list of actions, a marketing plan without a sound strategic foundation is of littleRead MoreReport on Oil and Gas Industry in Pakistan81517 Words   |  327 PagesOMC PARCO PCA PDM PEPA PEPP PEPP PIHS PMY PNSC POL Government of Pakistan Gas Purchase Agreement Gas Supply Agreement General Sales Tax High Octane Blending Component High Speed Diesel High Sulfur Fuel Oil International Monetary Fund International Oil Company Import Parity Price (see context) Independent Power Project (see context) Kot Addu Power Company Karachi Electricity Electricity Supply Company Karachi to Mahmood Kot pipeline Kuwait Petroleum Company Karachi Port Trust Light Diesel Oil LiquefiedRead MoreAir Asia Marketing Plan17846 Words   |  72 PagesExecutive Summary 1-2 2.0 Introduction 3 2.1 Background and History of AirAsia 3-4 2.2 Vision Statement 5 2.3 Mission Statement 5 2.4 Objectives 5 3.0 Environmental Analysis 6 3.1 PESTEL Analysis 6 3.1.1 Political Factors 7-8 3.1.2 Economic Factors 8-9 3.1.3 Social Factors 9-11 3.1.4 Technological Factors 11 3.1.5 Environmental Factors 11-12 3.2 PORTERs 5 Forces Model Analysis 12 3.2.1 Threats of New Entrants 12-13 3.2.2 Threats of SubstituteRead MoreAir Asia Marketing Plan17833 Words   |  72 PagesSummary 1-2 2.0 Introduction 3 2.1 Background and History of AirAsia 3-4 2.2 Vision Statement 5 2.3 Mission Statement 5 2.4 Objectives 5 3.0 Environmental Analysis 6 3.1 PESTEL Analysis 6 3.1.1 Political Factors 7-8 3.1.2 Economic Factors 8-9 3.1.3 Social Factors 9-11 3.1.4 Technological Factors 11 3.1.5 Environmental Factors 11-12 3.2 PORTERs 5 Forces Model Analysis 12 3.2.1 Threats of New Entrants 12-13 3.2.2 Threats of SubstituteRead MoreInformation Technology Management8338 Words   |  34 PagesChapter 1 1. How are information systems transforming business and what is their relationship to globalization? E-mail, online conferencing, and cell phones have become essential tools for conducting business. Information systems are the foundation of fast-paced supply chains. The Internet allows many businesses to buy, sell, advertise, and solicit customer feedback online. Organizations are trying to become more competitive and efficient by digitally enabling their core business processesRead MoreManagement Control Systems Pdf115000 Words   |  460 Pages6 Chapter 7 Introduction to Management Control Systems Approaches to Management Control Systems Designing Management Control Systems Key Success Variables as Control Indicators Organizing for Adaptive Control Autonomy and Responsibility Transfer Pricing 3 15 28 42 57 71 87 PART II: MANAGEMENT CONTROL ENVIRONMENT Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Strategic Planning and Programming Budget as an Instrument of Control Reward Systems Read Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words   |  291 PagesHuman Resource Management (at Wilkinson Hill School) a) The question asks candidates to ‘produce’ a person specification. Hence the answer is required to be presented in an appropriate format (for which 1 mark can be awarded). [5 marks] Person Specification for Head of Economics and Politics †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ b) Ability to lead an experienced team of teachers Experience of teaching to IB level Must have proven leadership skills and be an effective team player Excellent communicationRead MoreFashion Marketing17446 Words   |  70 Pagesmarket? - Homogenisation of fashion: Dressing the same or different? EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES †¢ Describe the historical, cultural and economical dimension of fashion †¢ Compare and contrast the relationship of these forces (historical, cultural and economic) and their impact upon fashion †¢ Critically evaluate and identify key elements of decision-making processes in the marketing context of a fashion company MINIMUM EVIDENCE FOR ASSESSMENT †¢ A scholarly essay accompanied with visual materials (optional)Read MoreGe Honeywell23318 Words   |  94 Pagesstrong evidence but the evidence presented by the Commission was far from compelling. (iii) The deal may have involved significant efficiencies that were overlooked. These observations raise the suspicion that the Commission’s decision may have been affected by bureaucratic capture, such that civil servants did not follow the mandate that had been assigned to them. We find that the procedure enforced at the time was vulnerable to capture and that the Commission had an incorrect perception of the standardRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages| www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Contents Preface Overview of the book’s structure 1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Learning objectives The nature of marketing The management process Strategic decisions and the nature of strategy The marketing/strategy interface Summary xi xiii 1 3 3 7 11 19 37 41 43 45 45 50 53 70 71 75 77 79 79 80 81 86 88 89 101 102 104 107 109 Stage One: Where are we now? Strategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 2

Law and Professional Code of Practice free essay sample

Many of the decisions that health care professionals make in the course of their practice are affected by legal principles, moral reasoning, code of professional practice and it is important for the health care professional (nurses) to be able to differentiate between ethical principles, the law and codes of professional conduct. It is also helpful to the nurses to develop a clear understanding of the law, ethical issues and code of professional practice pertaining to their profession as a way of improving high standards and to hold each health professional accountable for his or her responsibilities or actions within legal and ethical matters. This is essential to ensuring that decisions are consistent with applicable legal and ethical principles because often nurses act as advocates for their patients. Usually the nurses are required to possess a certain amount of knowledge, skill and competency in ethical decision making for the best interest of the patient. We will write a custom essay sample on Law and Professional Code of Practice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Law is the collection of binding rules of human conduct or action imposed by the authority, society or custom. There is a need for every nurse to have a clear understanding of the legal implications of their work so that they can protect themselves and their patients. Also this will help protect them from criminal charges and civil claims when they treat and care for patients. Registered nurses and midwives in the United Kingdom are regulated by the nursing and midwifery council which is a statutory body set by the parliament of the United Kingdom through the Nursing and Midwifery Order (2002). This order aims to investigate allegations, lack of competence, promoting standards and to safeguard the health and wellbeing of the public. There are different types of law that is public, civil, criminal and private. For example assisted suicide or euthanasia is against the law in the UK and is illegal to help someone kill themselves. As the law stands, a patient suffering from chronic pain at the end stage of terminal illness and has lost hope in life cannot seek assistance to commit suicide from health care professional. Any medical or nursing practitioners found to have assisted a patient to die in the UK would face criminal charges and would be struck off the register. Ethical theories represent the best ideas on which guiding principles are based and they attempt to answer ethical situations, that is they explores various methods of moral reasoning to make judgement about a course of action. Understanding ethical theories can help healthcare professional get a clearer view in the possible course of action and the principles underlying the right action. There are two types of ethical theories that are used for decision making and they are deontology and utilitarianism. Deontology is an ethical approach that is concerned with rules and duties. It emphasizes that an individual will follow his/her obligation because upholding one’s duty is considered ethically correct. The other theory is the utilitarianism which suggests that a moral choice is right if it tends to maximize the greatest happiness . there are two types of utilitarianism theories, Act utilitarianism which goes by the theory that a person/individual performs the act that benefit the most people regardless of personal feeling or societal constraints such as law and the rule utilitarianism which seeks to benefit the most people through fairness or rules and if this is followed would lead to greater good for the greater number. For example, the patient might ask the nurse not to inform her family about her diagnosis or prognosis because she does not want to worry them and fear disruption in their live that such information would bring, yet it may seem that the family could provide valuable support for her, it would be not acceptable but required that the nurse disclose this information to the family, disclosing the information without the patient’s consent is wrong because the nurse has to respect patient confidentiality. The ethical theories helps to view points especially when the correct or morally (right) course of action is not immediately apparent when ethical issues are encountered and also there is disagreement among family members or members of the health care team as to the most appropriate action to be taken. Codes of professional practice are statements and description of require behaviours; responsibilities and actions expected of employee of an organization or from a nurse of a professional body e. . NMC. Code of professional conduct is concerned with the maintenance of good practice within the profession and all members must adhere to this code of professional conduct. If a health professional breaks the codes, he may be called for a disciplinary hearing. All nurses/midwives have duty of care to take reasonable care to avoid causing harm to their patients /clients. Code of professional practice expects nurse/midwives to have skills, knowledge and competency to carry out their role. They must also be aware of their limitations and consequences of the decisions they make. If they fall short of expected standards of care , they may be charged with negligence. This professional code of conduct encompasses moral and ethical principles and laws. For example a nurse might attempt to inform the relatives of a patient with a communicable disease against the patient’s wishes in order to protect cross infection. The nurse has a duty of care to protect the patient confidentiality and also a duty to protect the public. There is a big difference between law, ethical code and code of professional practice. Ethic is neither the law nor it a code of professional conduct. Law is usually enforced through exerting power to control individual freedom and is a command, if an individual breaks the law she/she is will face punishment. Ethics are concerned with human action, their effect and value of those actions. They are learned through a more organized system such as professional groups and they are based on moral reasoning and decision making. Individuals have moral rights which are grounded by ethical principles and rules. Codes of professional practice are concerned with duties, responsibilities, and behaviours directed to its members.

The god stealer free essay sample

The main characters in The God Stealer are Philip Latak and Sam Cristie. Philip, also known as Ip-pig, is an Ifugao who became a Christian and lived in Manila. By becoming a city dweller, Philip became less sentimental with his cultural identity, beliefs, and customs. His name was derived from the word Philippines. On the other hand, Sam Christie was an American who wanted to view the rice terraces of the Mountain Province (also known as the Cordilleras). He was also interested in purchasing an original figurine of an Ifugao god. His name was derived from Uncle Sam, a representation of the United States. Philip and Sam were co-workers. Summary Philip and Sam went to Baguio City. During a feast honoring Philip for his return, Philip and Sam were because of the unwillingness of the Ifugao people to sell any Ifugao statue. Philip plans to steal his grandfathers god in return for the salary raise given to him by Sam. We will write a custom essay sample on The god stealer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After finding out that his god was missing, Philips grandfather dies. Because of his grandfathers death, Philip decides not to return to Manila with Sam as a form of repentance. Philip transforms himself back into an Ifugao attired in traditional clothing who was in the process of replacing the old Ifugao idol by chiseling a new one. Interpretation Philips act of thievery represented the Filipinos giving up of their past tribal origins and traditions, only to be replaced by an unnatural culture brought by colonialism. At one time in history, colonialism brought to the Filipinos a state of confusion, troubled emotions, helplessness, torment, embarrassment and the inability to embrace the past.

Why The Japanese Invaded Manchuria

Why The Japanese Invaded Manchuria  ¢Ã‚€Â ¢Japan was hit badly by the depression as its main industry depended on its trade with the USA and China. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢After the Wall Street crash the USA and China put up trade barriers (tariffs) which meant that no one in those countries could buy Japanese goods. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢This caused the Japanese economy to brake down. Without this trade the Japanese could not feed its people. This left the country in crisis. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢The Japanese army thought that they had found the solution to Japan's problem- they needed to build up their empire, therefore they would have less of a need to trade with other countries. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢In 1931 an incident happened in Manchuria that gave Japan the opportunity it had been waiting for. Japan controlled the south Manchurian railway, they claimed that the Chinese had sabotaged the railway. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢In "retaliation" they invaded Manchuria and threw out all the Chinese forces and set up a puppet government ¢Ã‚€Â ¢China then appealed t o the league.The trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange i...Japan claimed they were only settling a local dispute. They said that they had to invade in self-defence to keep peace in the area. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢The league sent out a group of official know as the Lytton commission to go asses the situation for themselves. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢It took them a full year before they presented their report, it was a well balanced report but it clearly stated that Japan had acted in the wrong, and that Manchuria should be returned to the Chinese. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢However instead of withdrawing from Manchuria Japan then announced that they intended to invade more of china (Jehol) they still argued that it was necessary in self-defence. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢On the 24th of February the report from the Lytton commission was approved by 42 votes-1 only Japan voted against it. ¢Ã‚€Â ¢Japan then decided to resign from...

Whats a Liberal Arts College Should You Attend One

What's a Liberal Arts College Should You Attend One SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve started researching colleges, you’ve probably seen the term â€Å"liberal arts school† thrown around quite a bit without really understanding what it means. What is a liberal arts college, actually? And how is it different from other sorts of colleges and universities? It’s hard to get a straight answer when it comes to defining a liberal arts college. In this post, I’ll dive a little deeper into defining the liberal arts before explaining what it means to get a liberal arts education. Then, I’ll talk about how these colleges differ from non-liberal arts schools and how that may affect your educational experience. What Are the Liberal Arts? To get a good understanding of the origins of the liberal arts, we have to go all the way back to classical antiquity - think ancient Greece in its prime. Participation in civic life was pretty important to many classical philosophers, who thought that a certain fundamental knowledge should be expected of active free citizens. In ancient times, liberal arts included grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, and even music and astronomy. The â€Å"liberal† in liberal arts has nothing to do with political liberalism, and everything to do with the original Latin roots of the words: artes liberales translates to subjects of the free person. Modern understanding of the liberal arts has, unsurprisingly, changed from that of ancient philosophers’. When we talk about the liberal arts today, we’re referring to a broad range of subjects: literature, languages, history, philosophy, math, and sciences. What liberal arts don’t include are any sort of vocational, technical, or professional studies. What Is a Liberal Arts Education? Now that you’ve gotten a mini-history lesson, we can get into what it means to get a liberal arts education in modern times. Different cultures sometimes have their own unique twists on what it means to offer a liberal arts education. In general, though, a liberal arts education is one that focuses on producing well-rounded individuals. American schools that provide a liberal arts education might aim to produce â€Å"global citizens†: individuals who are well-equipped to participate in an informed, ethical way in the world around them. One could say that the ultimate goal of a liberal arts education is to teach students how to think critically, and to effectively interpret and analyze new information they encounter as they navigate their environments. These programs tend to be flexible in the sense that there’s not only one career path you could feasibly pursue post-graduation. If you attend a liberal arts program, you might say you have a liberal arts degree.Examples of liberal arts degreesinclude languages and literature, biology and life sciences, philosophy, cultural studies, and psychology. What Doesn’t Count as a Liberal Arts Education A liberal arts degreeis not something you would receive in a vocational, technical, or professional program. These sort of programs exist to educate students with the purpose of preparing them for a specific career - that is, there’s a clear professional end goal. As such, these educations are generally more career-oriented. Examples of non-liberal arts educations include law school, medical school, engineering programs, and architecture programs. Architecture may be considered a form of art - it just doesn’t fall under the heading of liberal arts. What Is a Liberal Arts College? Like I alluded to in the introduction, there’s no set or standardized definition of a liberal arts college. In general, though, they are educational institutions that emphasize undergraduate education (as opposed to producing research) and award at least half of their degrees in the liberal arts fields of study (like I described above). Students generally pick one course of study to focus on, while also taking courses in other diverse subjects. Check out our post on top liberal arts colleges for examples. Liberal arts colleges tend to encourage their students to study a wide range of subjects instead of focusing solely on one field of study. The way schools actually do this varies, however - there are a few different paths that liberal arts colleges can take here: Core Curriculums - Core curriculums are set plans of study that include mandatory courses in different subjects that all students must take in order to graduate. An example would be the core curriculum at Purdue’s College of Liberal Arts within Purdue University. Distribution Requirements - Distribution requirements are plans of study that require students to take courses across a range of different subjects, but they don’t dictate exactly which courses a student must take in order to graduate. At Williams College, for example, students have to take courses in three different â€Å"divisions† (in addition to meeting requirements for their major of choice): Languages and the Arts, Social Studies, and Science and Mathematics. Open Curriculums - Open curriculums mean that students don’t have to meet any course requirements - either in the form of specific, mandatory courses or distribution requirements - in order to graduate. They are free to choose any courses available to them as long as they meet the requirements for their choice of major. An example of an open curriculum is the one offered at Amherst College. How Are Liberal Arts Colleges Different From Other Schools? Liberal arts colleges are often compared to research universities, although some schools exist as hybrids - both pushing to be research powerhouses while also striving to offer a liberal arts education. The traditional liberal arts college focuses primarily on undergraduate education, however, which means that professors tend to be hired and retained for their teaching and not necessarily for their research experience. This tends to affect student/professor relationships and overall student learning experiences. For example: Undergraduates may have more access to professors because there’s less of an emphasis on research and graduate programs. The colleges themselves tend to be smaller than research universities, with smaller class sizes and student: faculty ratios. There may be fewer research opportunities available. Access to research projects is one of the major differentiators between liberal arts colleges and other types of schools. To make this a bit easier to understand, here’s a chart with the typical characteristics of a traditional liberal arts college vs. a traditional research university: Liberal Arts Colleges vs. Research Universities Liberal Arts Colleges Research Universities Degree Program Offerings More limited, but sometimes unique, degree programs Wide selection of degree programs Pre-Professional Options Few (if any) pre-professional offerings More pre-professional degree offerings Research vs. Teaching Professors are generally focused on teaching over research Professors are generally focused on research and graduate students over teaching undergraduates Class Size Smaller average class size Larger average class size Research Opportunities Fewer research opportunities and less exposure to research More research opportunities and exposure to research Public vs. Private Usually private May be public or private Lectures vs. Seminars Many small seminar offerings More lectures, fewer small seminars Mentorship Career Opportunities Easier to form relationships with profs and peers for career professional connections More difficult to form relationships with profs, but more career fairs and recruiting events The issue with the above chart is that many of the top private research universities also pride themselves on providing liberal arts educations for undergraduates - there isn’t a clear delineation, then, between a liberal arts college and a research university in these circumstances. Top research universities may, for example: Have core curriculums, distribution requirements, or even open curriculums that are very similar to the ones you’d see at a traditional liberal arts college (Brown has a famously open curriculum, for example). Offer few (if any) pre-professional degree programs. You won’t find many business or finance degree programs, for example, at many of these liberal arts-minded research universities. Strive to offer smaller seminar-style courses to encourage student participation and class discussion. See Harvard’s freshman seminar program as an example. We can see, then, that there are really three options here when discussing this spectrum of school types: we have liberal arts colleges and research universities, but there are also hybrid options that tend to be pretty prestigious and highly-ranked. It’s important to keep these in mind when researching colleges, but remember that these hybrid options are often top-tier and shouldn’t be considered safe bets if you’re submitting applications. What Sort of School Is the Right Fit for You? If you’re leaning towards the liberal arts in general (or are even still making up your mind, but don’t know what type of college would be the best fit), these next considerations should help you figure it out. Career Goals Do you know exactly what you want to do after you graduate? Many students don’t know exactly what they want to do professionally when they’re just applying to college. If you’re not sure, it’s not just ok - it’s normal. Liberal arts educations (either at liberal arts colleges or hybrid schools) really encourage students to explore and develop their interests. If this sounds appealing, a liberal arts education will probably be a good fit. A liberal arts education is also a good option if you want a flexible degree that won’t necessarily hinder a variety of job prospects across fields/disciplines. Amherst College doesn’t have official pre-med or business majors, for example, but it still sends quite a few students to graduate programs in those fields. Alternatively, if you know specifically what you’d like to do and know that you need a pre-professional degree to pursue your career of choice, a liberal arts degree may not be the most efficient way to meet your goals. Engineering is a prime example - if you get a non-engineering degree (liberal arts or otherwise), you’d need to double-back to get the specialized education you need before advancing professionally. You also don’t need to attend a liberal arts college or hybrid university to get a flexible degree - many traditional research universities offer degree programs that aren’t necessarily pre-professional (like English, Economics, or Romance Languages). In sum: your career goals can inform whether you want to go the liberal arts route or not, but they don’t necessarily make a liberal arts college better or worse than other school options. Are you sure where you’re headed, or are you still figuring things out? Research Experience Is it important that you get research experience as an undergraduate? If you plan on pursuing a graduate degree in a research-heavy or competitive field (e.g. if you want to go to medical school or get a PhD), it’s important to get good research experience as an undergraduate. It’s easiest to do this at a research university. Some traditional liberal arts colleges offer these opportunities, but you’ll want to scope relevant departments before committing to a liberal arts college. For example, let’s look at Williams College (a top liberal arts college) versus Johns Hopkins University (a top research university that offers a liberal arts education to undergrads): Johns Hopkins University received 939 grant awards in 2014, making it the country’s most funded university by the NIH Williams didn’t make the list of the top 50 most-funded schools Put simply, more grant money = more research opportunities. Research universities tend to get more funding because they invest a lot of resources into producing research. Target Major Are you looking for something more general (e.g. English, Romance Languages, History) or something pretty specific (e.g. Cognitive Science, Integrative Biology, Slavic Languages Literature)? Liberal arts colleges tend to offer fewer and more general majors because they’re just smaller schools. Sometimes, though, they offer some unique and even niche options. For example, Amherst offers general options like American Studies, Economics, and English, but they also offer a unique major called Law, Jurisprudence, and Thought. In total Amherst only offers 28 majors, whereas Arizona State University offers over 300 options. Are you okay with not having a super specialized major (unless you’re into one of a college’s niche options)? You’d do alright at a liberal arts college. Do you want more variety and/or more opportunity for specialization? A traditional research university or a hybrid university may suit you better. Environment Educational Experience This is perhaps the most important consideration. Would you like the hustle and bustle of a big university, with big lectures taught by big-name professors? Or would you prefer something more intimate, with smaller seminars taught by professors who are dedicated to teaching? What really matters is what you are most comfortable with. The only way to really figure this out is to visit a few schools. To give you some examples, most of the top liberal arts colleges are relatively small, whereas the top research universities (hybrid or otherwise) are much bigger: Liberal Arts Colleges: Williams = 2,045 undergrads, Amherst = 1,792, Swarthmore = 1,542, Bowdoin = 1,805 Hybrid Colleges: Harvard = 6,694 undergrads, Princeton = 5,391, Yale = 5,447 Public Research Universities: UCLA = 43,000 undergrads, Texas AM = 49,000 If you want something small and intimate, you would likely be happier at a liberal arts college. If you want something bigger and busier, public universities may be best. If you want something in-between - a bigger campus but with opportunities for smaller classes - you might look into some of those hybrid options. Now would be a good time to think about whether you’re cool with crowds. What’s Next? Need more guidance when it comes to picking the school that’s best for you? We’ve got you covered. Read about whether it even matters where you go to college and how to get into your top-choice college. Set on a liberal arts school? Check out the top-ranked liberal arts colleges. One of the next questions you may have might rise out of a more practical concern - you know how your experience may differ at a private liberal arts college when compared to other types of schools, but should you expect any difference in cost? Learn more about different college expenses. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Seven Simple Ways to Save Money Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seven Simple Ways to Save Money - Assignment Example It will enhance your knowledge of the world, at the same time, saving you a lot of money. When you cook at home, you have to do the shopping for vegetables and other things. Here you can save money by making a shopping list and taking it with you when you go shopping. Making a shopping list is the second simple way of saving money. Most of us buy unnecessary things on an impulse when we are shopping in the shopping mall. If you have a shopping list, and stick to it, you will avoid impulse buying, and save a lot of money, as well as save another trip to the shops to buy what you forgot. This way, you will be saving on your fuel consumption too. There is another way to save money while shopping- getting a good bargain. So, the third simple way to save money is to survey the market when you buy something, especially when it is something expensive. Some stores will have bargain offers, which offer you stuff at greatly reduced prices. Buying in bulk also helps to save money. You should plan what you want to buy and look out for the best possible bargains. Buying just after Christmas will save you money on many things from clothes to books. Another simple way to save money is to walk or use the bicycle to work. This way, you would be saving on fuel, and at the same time reducing your carbon foot print.

What are GMOs What is the controversy that sounds them Essay

What are GMOs What is the controversy that sounds them - Essay Example Today the term GMO is mainly being used to refer to the production of genetically modified food products. This is because with the assistance of genetic modification process, scientists have been able to produce agricultural products and these products have started replacing naturally grown agricultural products. Production of food products through the process of genetic modification is escalating day by day and it has already been recorded that crops that have been genetically modified are being planted over an area of more than 100 million hectares in various underdeveloped and developed regions (Pinstrup-Andersen 76). The reason for the increase in production of genetically modified crops is that these crops can be produced in a much effective and efficient manner and these crops are being considered as one of the solutions to the issue of world hunger and depleting resources. Even though there is an increase in the production and demand for genetically modified crops and food pro ducts, several controversies have surrounded the important segment of the society. These controversies include the public’s perception regarding GM foods, the impact of GM foods on human health and wellbeing and the labeling of these food products. The perception of the consumers is one of the major issues that are surrounding GMOs. The problem is that people are confused whether GMOs are healthy or they pose a threat to the lives of human beings. It has not yet been established that GMOs do not harm the health and wellbeing of human beings. Researchers have even ended up with contradictory research. Certain researchers have established that GMOs are healthy for human beings while certain have even proved that GMOs can negatively impact the health and wellbeing of human beings. The distributed and varying perception of the public is a major concern for the future and acceptability of GMOs. Magnusson conducted a research on the perception of the general public

Descendant of Henry 7th Essay Example for Free

Descendant of Henry 7th Essay Richard the third is cruel, manipulative, cold hearted and corrupt; however we really ought to mention his bad aspects. Richard the third displays all of the qualities of a true baddie yet he still succeeds in providing the audience with great entertainment and humour. The way he forces the audience to be co-conspirators partly by using clever soliloquies, which are directed specifically to include the audience in his plans but also by showing the audience full spectrum of his roles, he succeeds in appearing to be a kind hearted man, bidding his brother farewell in one seen and in another plotting his death. One key thing to note when Richard addresses the audience is the great humour he uses. He is able to laugh at the death of his two nephews and is intrigued to know more, he also takes it upon him to marry the women whose husband and father he had murdered. He thinks of it as a challenge and when he addresses the audience in act I scene 1, Ill marry Warwicks youngest daughter.  What though I killed her husband and her father?  The readiest way to make the wench amends  Is to become her husband and her father,  The which will I not all so much for love  As for another secret close intent  By marrying her which I must reach unto,  But yet I run before my horse to market:  Clarence still breathes; Edward still lives and reigns;  When they are gone, then must I count my gains.  This is one such example of the great wit and bravado shown by Richard. Richard has many different characteristics: from being the pungent, repellent arrogant commander; to being the witty jester that we cant help but adore. He can be a great leader, which is shown in his oration to his troops and can be greatly cunning in order to achieve his goals. One may be deceived by his outwardly appearance however Richard is certainly not disabled on the inside. He is a very intelligent man whose planning and acting is that of a true baddie. Richard the Third is about a lot more than a tale of an evil man. It is quite clearly a piece of pro-Tudor propaganda. At the time when Shakespeare wrote the play Elizabeth 1st was on the thrown. She was a direct descendant of Henry 7th (Richmond), and so it would do Shakespeare no harm at all if he were to depict the Monarchs Ancestor as being a great mad who fought against evil and succeeded.  The play also covers an important political issue, can a tyrannical king be removed. In the time the play was set the common thought was that God had delivered the king and so therefore it would be deeply wrong to overthrow a king, be he evil or good. The play really resolved this issue and it is clear to see which viewpoint Shakespeare had.

The Golden Gate Bridge Essay -- Construction Bridges Engineering Essay

The Golden Gate Bridge Since the dawn of time, man has had an inherent need to get to the other side. Rivers, canyons, and impassable trails have always hindered the migration of man, leaving him the choice to continue no further, or to â€Å"build a bridge and get over it.† The earliest bridges were made of simple materials such as stone, or even a fallen log. Regardless of the material, natural bridges allowed man to explore the â€Å"other side.† However, man has never been satisfied with what nature gives him. Over time, man developed the ability to construct his own bridges in order to create a shortcut across an otherwise impassable obstacle. The first man-made bridges consisted of wooden beams or stone arches. With each bridge, he added improvements such as cables for stability or larger abutments to support a larger load. Eventually, man entered the age of steel. Steel truss beams coupled with steel cables increased bridge spans considerably and allowed for a larger weight ca pacity. Now man was crossing distances only boats had taken people before. Various bridge styles also developed. Suspension, cable-stayed, steel arch, steel truss, and reinforced concrete arch bridges are all modern types of bridges, each with its own usefulness and design. The longest and most recognizable bridge type is the suspension bridge. These structures can span distances from 2000 to 7000 feet. As its name dictates, a suspension bridge suspends the roadway from heavy steel cables that run from one length of the bridge to the other. The cables are then fastened at large concrete anchorages at each end. Arguably the most well known suspension bridge is the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California. While actual constructi... ...pring96/lui.html (November 9, 2004). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [1] http://www.americahurrah.com/SanFrancisco/GoldenGateBridge/4-SanFranciscoTower.htm [2] http://www.americahurrah.com/SanFrancisco/GoldenGateBridge/6-CableSpinning.htm [3] http://www.americahurrah.com/SanFrancisco/GoldenGateBridge/7-Roadway.htm [4] http://www.goldengatebridge.org/research/factsGGBDesign.html#ConcreteQuantities [5] http://www.sightseeingworld.com/SanFrancisco/goldengatebridge.htm [6] http://www.goldengatebridge.org/research/factsGGBLighting.html [7] http://www.sdsc.edu/GatherScatter/GSspring96/lui.html#list [8] http://www.goldengatebridge.org/research/factsGGBIntOrngPaint.html [9] http://www.goldengatebridge.org/research/majggbimprove.html [10] http://www.goldengatebridge.org/research/GGBTraffToll.html

A Class Prophecy

CLASS PROPHECY â€Å"It’s already 10:30 in the morning, I must hurry or else I will be late for my next flight. † I suddenly exclaimed as I look at my watch to check the time. It was the last day of my trip here in Seoul, a getaway from the pressures of being a neurosurgeon. I immediately left the hotel to get my car and drive myself to the airport. While I am looking out the window of my car, the big screens in the busy streets caught my attention featuring the fashion and showbiz industry.Speaking of fashion, Angelica Somoray, a supermodel, is now a well-known K-Pop performer who is soon to be married. Desiree Micairan, an accountant, owns a workshop for dancing, singing and acting. Elaina Lara is currently working in her newest romantic movie with the most sought after leading man, Mike Joshua Luchana, who is hailed as the â€Å"Actor of the Decade. † These three girls, Angelica, Desiree, and Elaina are also International Dance Icons who replaced the Pussycat Dolls. As I arrive in the airport.I never expected that I would run into my former classmate, Celina Burlat dressed with a uniform that has the logo of a U. S Airline. She is now a flight stewardess taking the same trip to France where she and her family migrated. While waiting for departure, Celina handed me a magazine that features Mr. Vhan Gonzales, and Mr. Alexis Virgel Aladad who are successful business tycoons. After some time, the pilot announces that we are almost ready to depart. Such voice seems so familiar to me.So that when the stewardess announces the names of the pilots, I was really sure that the pilot of the plane which I was boarding is our former classmate, Jay Roll Solon, and his assistant, Jason Baterbonia. So when the plane landed in the airport, I did not waste time to meet the pilots. When we were standing face to face each other, I could hardly believe to see the pilots such handsome & self-assured persons in their pilot uniforms. They invited me to a flashy lounge in the airport. We were so excited to meet again and we talked about our present lives as well as reminisce our high school experiences.I ask about our former classmates and immediately, Jay Roll, having met many of them to different parts of the world, told me about their success and their whereabouts. John Riel Deiparine and Daniel Van Manaez who are both famous classical musicians, are currently in a world concert tour. John Riel was named as the â€Å"Mozart of the 21st century. † Daniel, on the other hand, is named as â€Å"The Great Soprano. † Runette Marie Diaz, the writer of the best cooking magazine in the world, owns 52 branches of her Spanish Restaurant.Oscar Awardee, Nicole Manuawan was declared as one of the richest people in the world by Forbes Magazine. The Chicago Bulls sharp shooter Kevin Cortez who replaced Derrick Rose led his team on a championship game against the big-three of Miami Heat who were Randy Gumapac, Ryan Lara, and Clark Lauron. T hey are few of the Filipino Athletes in the NBA League. May Roselle Joyce Ang, owns one of the most prestigious commercial banks in the world. Marjewrie Gallego, a lawyer in profession, is elected as judge in the International Criminal Court.John Dorryl Payumo works as a manager at the Microsoft Company. He is one of the founders of the latest social networking site. John Aleth Bocal, who is a clinical pharmacist, owns the famous Aleth’s Pharmacy. After bonding with the pilots, I got into my car and drive to the nearest hotel to stay in. The next morning, I started the day with a prayer. I turned on the television and again, I saw Bea Ayuban on her daily news segment, â€Å"Good Morning Bea† with her co-host who is apparently his husband, Tombelle Lara. Tombelle is one of the members of the famous Altima Band.The lead vocalist, Julian Caderao, is on a vacation trip with her fiance. After the segment, I turned the TV off. All of a sudden, my phone began to ring. It was Engineer Kristine Joy Alcordo inviting me to visit her home. It was already dark when I reached her home. My friends, Engineer Leo Abunda and Architect Xena Gonzales were also there. They told me about the constructions they have been through. Kristine, Leo, and Xena are the men behind those great buildings around the world. The night was fun bonding with them. Not until the neighboring house began to explode on fire.I quickly opened my eyes and realized that I was only dreaming as my classmates laugh because I was taking a nap in our Economics class under Sir Jefferson Guinang. But for me, it is not only a dream. It is a dream that needs fulfillment. If only we persevere, study hard, and pray, nothing would be impossible to be reached. This prophecy serves as a challenge among the Seniors. May we all achieve these realms. Thank you and God Bless Us All. Written by: downbeatdynamo. tumblr. com Written for: IV – EMERALDS BATCH 2011-2012

Advanced Audio Coding and Walkman Essay

Technology has played an important in part in market and in the society. It has brought positive as well as negative changes. The progression from sheet music to the invention of a phonograph to the walkman, CD player and the iPod has created a modernized society. People tend to move along with these changes creating a market. The idea of transferring digital music to your iPod without purchase of a CD or an audiotape may seem like an extraordinary idea but the idea of digital music has led to the downloading of illegal music. The Walkman may have been the turning point in the music recording industry. It was a chain reaction for later products such as the iPod and the CD player. Long before the iPod made its way into the market making millions; the Walkman was the trendy technology. Sony introduced the Walkman in the 1970s, a new invention that led to be a massive hit. Sony ended up selling around fifty thousand pieces by the end of two months after its release. Eventually, other famous brands such as Toshiba and Panasonic entered the walkman market creating a market in the early 1980s. Surprisingly, the production of the Walkman led to an increase in physical activities. This portable device could be carried anywhere and had a hook to attach to any item of clothing. People started exercising more as one can listen to his or her choice of music while working out especially in gymnasiums. This brought a change in the society as people began to implement physical training more often. This also had a disadvantage since people who had their headphones plugged in tend to be more indifferent to their surroundings. This created an environment, where everyone is tuned in into their little environment being oblivious to what is happening around them. With the creation of walkman, the sale of digital audio tapes also increased. As iPods are the 21st century popular forms of music player technology, the walkman was the latest thing. This generation became more ‘wired’ as teenagers started to grow apart from the notion of young people together singing the songs of the day or the old songs in front of their houses. Sheet music became obsolete, as fewer and fewer people moved to a more modernized technology and era. Comparing to the advances in the 21st century, the walkman is seen as an old portable audio cassette player, where rewinding and forwarding a song would take twenty or thirty seconds. The latest music technology, mp3s or iPod, have put people at an ease with sophisticated technology and its touch screen display has bought a change in this profit-making business. The slick structure and the advanced A Walkman today would cost you merely twenty dollar where as an iPod can cost anywhere from a hundred to a couple hundred dollars. How digital music is illegally downloaded and used today on music players, Walkman on the other hand required the purchase of audiotapes. As Paul Du Gay notes in his book ‘Doing cultural studies: the story of the Sony Walkman’, the walkman accustomed individuals to tune out from the surroundings and caused them to be reclusive. This also led to a cause of a gneration gap between teenagers and their parents or older siblings. The walkman was used by people when in crowded places, such as trains or buses as a means to drown away noises. This seemed as an effective way to creating your own space but this eventually leads to people tuning themselves out even when at home. Teenagers liked to keep their headphones on throughout the day; I believe this led to a distance between them and their peers. Eventually, a type of distance grew among people, sheet music was nearly extinct and the customary ritual of singing together was far disappeared. In conclusion, the Walkman has definitely been a jump from the traditional tape recorder players to portable audio players. Its creation has had its advantages and disadvantages. The increase in the level of physical activity has increased among the owners of Walkman due to the fact that it is portable. Although, on a downside the Walkman has also led to the creation of a secluded attitude.

QUIZ What Career In Health Should You Choose

QUIZ What Career In Health Should You Choose So you’re thinking about going into healthcare but not quite sure where you would fit in best? The healthcare field is always growing and constantly in need of new hires. Healthcare is so broad it ranges from being a  medical assistant, registered nurse, therapist, pharmacist, home health aide, and there’s  so much more. The field is so diverse so you’re bound to find your perfect fit. This quiz is perfect for helping you decide your path into health care.  Source [Playbuzz]

10 Tips for Website Organization and Flow †updated from 2009!

10 Tips for Website Organization and Flow – updated from 2009! I am almost ready to launch a new website for The Essay Expert, and I have learned a LOT along the way. I decided to write my blog on the topic, and, as a reference, went back to an article I wrote almost seven years ago about website organization and flow. I knew very little then, but did share a few important tips. While some things have changed, some things have stayed the same. Here is my updated list, and a preview of The Essay Expert’s new website! 1. Don’t have more than eight (8) top menu items in addition to the Home tab. With new menu formats, I’ve increased this number from six (6) in my original recommendation to eight (8). The menu items on my new site will be About, Testimonials, Services, DIY/eBooks, Media, Blog, FAQs, and Contact. They fit nicely and simply across the top menu. 2. You don’t have to make the top menu items clickable. This is a change in my opinion from years ago. I think people used to expect the menu items to be clickable. Now all you need is clickable dropdown items. 3. Make your logo (generally the top left corner of every page) a link to your home page. This is still a best practice. Do it! And don’t assume people know to click the logo to get to the home page. Put a Home tab on the top navigation too – you can use an icon of a house to save space. 4. Use creative solutions to help people navigate longer pages. While anchor links are an established option for helping users navigate, there are a lot more solutions available now. For instance, use tabs on a page to allow users to choose the category of information that interests them. I will be using this option on my Testimonials page, where users can click on tabs labeled Executive, Mid-Level, Entry-Level and Admissions to see testimonials relevant to that category of service. Another option is a pop-up window that provides information without lengthening the page. I will be using this option for items like â€Å"Where our clients have been admitted.† If you do choose anchor links, these links can look like buttons. Design them to be congruent with your site design! 5. Review your site regularly for broken links and fix or delete them. And for any broken links within your own site, create a unique 404 page. This advice will never change. Constantly check for broken links! For 404, I have created a page with a Mark Twain quotation! Here are some famously creative 404 pages for your reading pleasure. 6. Give your website viewers information about how the service or product works so they are educated before they buy, and before they call you. Here’s how I’m doing it on my new site: I’m also improving the descriptions of each of my services so site visitors understand what they will be getting when they make a purchase. 7. Don’t send people away from a page if you want them to purchase something on that page. On my new website, I offer a complete â€Å"Resume and LinkedIn Success Package† (see above) that I expect to be the most common product people purchase. I also so have â€Å"a la carte† options available. But I will not mention those items until the bottom of the page. Any buttons at the top of my executive services page will keep people on the page, either with a pop-up or a link to a service on the page itself. They will have to read through my most popular items before they find other options. 8. Whenever possible, offer a main product with optional add-ons. On my â€Å"old† (current) site, I have learned, there are way too many options to choose from and people get confused as to which service is best for them. In my effort to accommodate everyone, I went a bit overboard. The new site will offer one main package with add-ons. I’m excited to have created a streamlined experience for new customers! 9. Scatter testimonials throughout your website. People want to know what other people are saying about you. Personally, even if I don’t read the testimonials on a site, I want to know they are there. Make sure if you offer different products that the ones most relevant to each product are on that product page. Also offer the opportunity for people to write reviews directly on your site! On my new site, I will have testimonials on each page as well as a full page of testimonials for anyone who wants to read more. 10. Highlight certifications, awards, and media appearances. What qualifies you to do what you do? Put it up front and center to gain credibility and trust! There are many more recommendations and best practices for websites that I haven’t covered here. I’d love to hear your comments and suggestions. And stay tuned for the launch of The Essay Expert’s new website†¦ coming soon! Category:Web Site TipsBy Brenda BernsteinMay 23, 2016

Prison Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prison - Movie Review Example The result is either positive or negative depending on the actual activity being undertaken. The first major issue depicted in the movie is the interaction between inmates and the security guards. Right from the start to the end, these two parties maintain a constant relationship that is primarily rooted in football competition. The football game brings together the two parties within and without the field, thereby allowing them to share insights that are not necessarily football-related. This interaction promotes the personal worth of the inmates due to the fact that they feel valued and appreciated for their efforts in life, despite being imprisoned for wrongdoing. The interaction between the inmates and prison guards in presented as natural, thereby capturing a real world scenario of human relations. Secondly, the movie depicts exploitation of prisoners for personal gains. The football game that dominates major activities in the movie is somehow set to exploit the inmates. Although the game is designed to be fair to both inmates and guards, there is a tendency and preference to have the guards win in the final game. When this seems to be unachievable, some inmates lose their lives while others like Adam Sandler are threatened. This makes it appear as though the inmates are in the game to lose, an aspect that depicts prisoner exploitation for the purpose of serving personal interests. Punishment and correction constitute the third major issue that the movie depicts. Incarceration is designed to punish the inmates for any wrongdoing perpetrated against an individual, community, society, or country. The presence of inmates in the prison implies that they have been found guilty of an activity that went against the laws of the land. While incarceration is deemed to be a punishment factor to the prisoners, it also comes with a correctional aspect. Change is a factor that incarceration advocates for alongside

Discuss mild cognitive impairment. Including the pathophysiology, Research Paper

Discuss mild cognitive impairment. Including the pathophysiology, symptoms, and prevelance - Research Paper Example The victims develop thinking problems are do not correspond to their age, but the symptoms are less severe compared to those of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). When an individual has MCI, the memory problem may be minimal to mild and at times may be rarely recognizable. In contrast to AD, which causes a gradual decline in cognitive abilities, in MCI memory insufficiency many remain stable for quite long. In some cases, such confirmation of memory loss by a relative, the MCI may progress and transform into AD (Gauthier & Rosa-Neto, 2011) In Mild Cognitive Impairment, the cognitive abilities are more than expected age-related changes but remain functional. As a result, MCI components may be amnestic and non-amnestic forms. MCI’s pathophysiology is multifactorial where amnestic MCI form roots from pathologic variations in AD that are not yet severe to cause dementia. Non-amnestic MCI relates to the cerebrovascular complication, front temporal dementia or no particular pathology. The diagnosis majorly acknowledges the fact that the victim can carry out all their regular activities successfully, without any additional assistance other than they previously required. First, the individual may complain of the typical problem in remembering the identity of people they recently met or trouble recognizing the immediate conversation flow. Additionally, the individual may experience increased tendency to misplace items or associated difficulties. In many scenarios, the individual will be well conversant with those problems and will counteract by always relying on notes and reminders (Gauthier & Rosa-Neto, 2011). The problems are less severe in comparison to the neurophysiological findings that relates to Alzheimer’s disease. In some instances, the victims may have mild problems in carrying out daily activities such as hobbies and another regular thing they did in the past. The old age individuals are more likely to experience MCI that is if they do have a direct

Zip Car Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Zip Car - Case Study Example The business had a market of people that would enjoy using Zip car. The market was good for those who were able to use the internet and did not have a car available for use at all times. The market for Zip car would target those who did not do a lot of driving throughout the year. It was important for Chase to allow operating costs to be cheaper than the cost of leasing, renting or purchasing a car. By doing this, Chase would entice the targeted market to use Zip cars as a main means of transportation. Funding is a problem for many businesses. Chase, with the help of Danielson, created business plans and presentations that are appropriate for investors. Investors want to see that they are going to receive the money they lent and more. Chase performed the necessary research and gave the investors exactly what they wanted. Seeking a new engineer to create the software was a way to keep cost down and achieve the necessary technology that Zip car needed. A new software engineer costs less than an engineer that has more experience. Little cost cutting techniques like this used by Chase were important for allowing funding to go as far as possible. Zip car had everything lined up to get the business started and seemed as if it could be successful. Question # 2) What is the business model, and how has it changed between Dec. 1999 and May 2000? What do the data from actual operations in September say about how the business model is working? Does this give you comfort or concern? Answer # 2) A business model is important for every business. Business models show the most important part of a business. That part is the businesses numbers. The numbers show everything. If the proper research has been performed and the numbers do not show a potential profit, there is no need to start the business. The business model for Zip car shows the expenses and profit for the company. The business model shows expenses such as leases, insurance, parking

Female Education And A Nations Development Education Essay

Female Education And A Nations Development Education Essay Female education is essential for the development of a nation. This is mainly because women are involved in all sorts of activities both at a regional level and at the community level such as child bearing and household chores etc. Hence it is very important to provide quality education to women to help them contribute to the development of the nation in a meaningful way. Various studies show that womens education is very important in order to improve the socio-economic position of their families. It is the inequality in access to education for female students that prevents them from obtaining the essential education necessary for their well being and their familys development. The traditional thinking of many societies that women are just supposed to do the household work has contributed largely to the low levels of female education around the globe. It is seen however that the societies that have focused on providing better education to women have better indicators of social welfar e. These societies for example have lower infant mortality rate apart from that the issue of lower fertility rates, also increased life expectancy, improved nutrition and most importantly better opportunities for their children. Other factors such as residential status and parents concern and attitude towards female students also plays an important role in improving the educational status of female students in any society. Parents level of education also has a direct impact on their daughters education. The link between the mother and daughter is the strongest. Poverty, parents professional status, lack of skilled teachers and lack of incentives such as scholarships for women, deprivation of parental care and proper educational policies affect the standard of female education. (I.A. Adetunde, 2008) Thus Womens education is a very important issue. Women who are educated can make profound choices in the matter of health, nutrition and basic upbringing of a child. There is great impact on infant mortality health, fertility, productivity and a childs academic performance if women are educated. On 8th March 2004 Laura Bush (the first lady at that time) said on the womens day that when a women is denied education youve denied half of the population the chance to succeed and the chance to contribute to a society and to a culture. she also said that Women are more likely to be able to make informed choice so that their children dont suffer from malnutrition or other diseases and ensure that their children can receive best health care. In Every culture, the responsibility of the upbringing and nourishing of a child lies in the hands of the mother. Due to this responsibility the womens education has gained quite an importance globally. Studies reveal that womens education has strong implications on every aspect of a childs upbringing and one of them is the childs academic performance. Children of educated mothers are seen to have better academic performance as compared to children of less or uneducated mothers. (Tahir Andrabi, Jishnu Das, Asim Ijaz Khwaja: March 2009) Educated mothers can help their children throughout their life, but most importantly they can help their children in their early days of education. They try to indulge their children in more productive educational activities apart from what they study at school. This enhances the childs educational capabilities and helps them achieve success. According to a study an additional year of post compulsory schooling of a mother has a positive impact on their childs academic performance i.e. mothers who stay in full time education beyond the minimum school leaving age are more likely to demonstrate positive educational attitudes and behaviours such as reading to their children. (Leon Feinstein and Ricardo Sabates: January 2008) Higher education is consistently associated with a higher likelihood of marriage, whereas less education is associated with a higher likelihood of divorce (Jennifer March Augustine, 2010). Thus educated mothers tend to have more stable relationships and family status. This in turn affects their childrens academic performance. Children have a healthy environment to live in and thus can concentrate more on their studies and perform well. The flow of resources such as time, money and socio-emotional support etc from the mother to children is affected by this relationship status. (Jennifer March Augustine, 2010). Marital and fertility patterns have been seen to change over the last few decades. Women who are more educated (college graduates) have been the least likely to get married and have children historically. Today however, the situation is changing and this marriage gap is eroding The returns to marriage have changed. College educated women marry later, do not view marriage as a financial security, have fewer children and declining divorce rates since 1970s as compared to women without college degrees. These factors help women to have a better and a healthier family life which in turn helps them in their Childs upbringing. The children of more educated women thus can focus more on their studies as they have a healthier environment to study in and so they perform well (Adam Isen Feb. 2010). A Mothers education influences a child mostly during the childs early years of education (primary education). Educated mothers make their children spend more time in outdoor activities, reading etc and are concerned about their childs progress at school and have expectations of the childs future educational achievements .This encourages the child to focus more on his studies and enhances his capabilities. (Leon Feinstein and Ricardo Sabates: January 2008). Moreover there are substantial intergenerational returns to education. An additional year of a mothers schooling makes a positive contribution to the Childs academic performance. It increases the Childs performance on a standardized math test by almost 0.1 of a standard deviation and reduces the incidence of behavioural problems especially for children aged 7-8.There are various channels that transmit the effect of maternal education to the child, including parental investments throughout different stages of a Childs life and family environment. Educated women tend to have a healthier home environment with better and more stable family lives which then contribute to their Childs educational excellence. Maternal education also reduces grade repetition and the incidence of behavioural problems. Educated mothers basically avoid early childbearing, are more likely to be married to educated men and tend to have higher incomes. Thus they can contribute in several ways to their Childs educa tion for example through books, involving them in extracurricular activities or buying them a computer. This additional investment pays off in the form of improved child performance in all academic aspects of his life. Even if educated mothers work more they do not neglect their children as they are aware of the negative consequences of doing so (Pedro Carneiro, Sep 2007). Also educated mothers tend to spend more time with their children and their children tend to spend more time studying outside school thus there is a strong impact of maternal education on their childs test scores.( Tahir Andrabi, Jishnu Das and Asim Ijaz Khwaja, March 2009). Educated mothers bring in more encouragement and ability for their children to succeed in life. Children of educated mothers are usually more confident, free from anxieties, ambitious, self reliant and more focused. It is seen that an increase in mothers education leads to an increase in the students achievement at school .Those mothers who stayed on in education rather than just having the basic primary education can help their children in a better way. A direct relationship is seen between a mothers education level and their childs academic performance. (Azra Parveen Muhammad Tayyab Alam 2008). Traditionally it has been thought that an increase in investment in womens schooling pays off in the form of increased schooling of the next generation. Some authors have a different view however. According to them the positive relationship between mother-child schooling can not entirely be considered true as it is somewhat biased upward due to the correlations between schooling and assortative mating and heritable ability. The other studies, they argue have not considered these factors and thus conclude showing a positive relationship between mother-child schooling and education. An increase in the schooling of women does not have beneficial effects in terms of the schooling of children (Jere R. Behrman and Mark R. Rosenzweig, 2002). Increases maternal schooling and education instead makes the mothers concentrate less on their homes, family and specifically their children. It is emphasized that the time of the women is an essential factor in childbearing and thus women should concen trate more on their families and not on education. This, they argue will lead to a better academic future for their child. Better schooling of the mother however can improve a Childs health in certain situations. Basically the result of investing in womens schooling requires attention to the role played by schooling in the labor and marriage market for women. (Jere R. Behrman and Mark R. Rosenzweig, 2002) Literacy status of mothers also strongly affects the health and nutritional state of their children thus literate mothers can take better care of their childs health and protect them against several diseases. With illiterate mothers however there are chances of children developing malnutrition especially children less than three years of age who are underweight. Malnutrition negatively affects the childs academic performance. An educated mother takes better care of their Childs health and thus their child is more successful throughout his life. Although there is a positive correlation between a mothers education and their Childs health some studies reveal that there is hardly any significant effect of a mothers education on Childs health if mothers have got only primary education. Further it has been found that the first three years of mothers education has no impact on the Childs health. The impact is seen after the first three years and the result is not linear in education. After 4 to 6 years of education, the magnitude of this effect becomes small but then again picks up after 1 years of education. (Meherun Ahmed May 2009). Nonetheless, some scholars do not completely support the correlation that there is a strong causal relationship between maternal education and child health. According to them this link has hardly been analyzed properly using the most appropriate statistical models. They are using the community-level fixed-effects models and thus argue maternal education may be a proxy for the socioeconomic status of the household as well as for characteristics of the community of residence. Therefore according to them there is a possibility that the positive relationship between maternal education and child health may be untrue. By controlling for a few socioeconomic variables the maternal education/child health link is seen to be weak. Three markers of child health namely infant mortality, immunization status and childrens height-for-age have been examined. Maternal education has a significant impact on height-for-age and infant mortality in only a few countries around the world. However on the othe r hand maternal education has a strong positive effect on childrens immunization status in about half of the countries of the world even after implementing the community and individual level controls. (SONALDE DESAI AND SOUMYA ALVA, 1998) According to another study, educated parents tend to have educated children. The author focused on studying whether the intergenerational transmission of human capital is more behavioural (nurture) or innate (nature). The data collected helped in separating genetic from environmental parental influences. Results of the analysis emphasised that the nurture component is more important for both parents (mother and father).The education of the most educated female adult in a household has a strong positive effect on the schooling of the children in that household. This holds true for a Childs biological parents and for the parents of an adopted child. It can be said that the more the mother is educated, the better the Childs academic performance. When boys and girls are analysed separately it is seen that if the nurture component is isolated, the fathers education matters more for boys whereas a mothers education matters more for girls. The positive effects of the education of the adopti ve parents are only seen for children related to the head of their new households (Damien de Walque, 2005). Research Project Literature Review By Asna Shahid Section G 07U0469 Submitted to Anam Tahir Lahore School of Economics

Iago’s Scheming in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Iago’s Scheming in Othello  Ã‚   Iago is a powerful predator who exploits those around him by infecting their perceptions of truth with carefully chosen fallacy. His skill in finding the proverbial chinks in others' armor allows him to skillfully weave his machinations of destroying Othello into their minds and actions; by manipulating character's perceptions of Desdemona, Iago gains the leverage he needs to exploit each character. No one is impervious to Iago's seething purpose; even Othello falls prey to Iago's suggestions and insinuations about Desdemona. Iago's constant presence as the stager, as well as his ceaseless - but subtle - reinforcement of events through narration, allows him to be the pivotal force that directs Shakespeare's Othello. In the opening scene, Iago provokes Brabantio against Othello by means of his pawn, Roderigo, and constantly stages the scene, ensuring that everything goes according to his plan. Iago realizes that Brabantio is very susceptible to attacks on his daughter; Iago uses Roderigo as a dummy, through whom he makes such antagonizing claims: "An old black ram / is tupping your white ewe" and "your daughter and the Moor are now / making the beast with two backs" (1.1.90, 121). By inflaming Brabantio's protective nature as a father, Iago directs Brabantio's wrath towards Othello while using Roderigo as a front. Iago successfully bends an unwitting Brabantio to the common goal of destroying Othello. The climax of Iago's power occurs during Iago's successful attempts to convince Othello - against the poor Moor's better judgment - that Desdemona fails to be loyal and that Othello differs too greatly from his fellow citizens to be a part of the Venetianworld. Iago craftily inflames Othel... ... that Iago felt compelled to engineer to perfection and totality; and once Iago's plan falls short of his mark, his pawns grow out of his control and finally expose his dark scheming. Fragility permeates Iago's liminal existence and, as shown, he has to be omnipresent in order to execute and oversee every aspect of his plan. His ambition leads to his downfall; modest desires for revenge blossom into extravagant and uncontrollable machinations which necessitate the deaths of all those involved. Iago finds it impossible to manipulate everyone at every moment, and for this sole reason, fails to bring his plan into full fruition. Work Cited William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Othello, The Moor of Venice (from Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, sixth edition. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. New York: Harper Collins, 1995.      

Critically Assess Whether Strategic Hrm Leads to ‘High Performance’’

Essay Question 1: ‘Critically assess whether strategic HRM leads to ‘high performance’’ Introduction There is a controversy whether the Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM) leads to ‘high performance’. A general idea of SHRM is that â€Å"the linkage of management and deployment of the individual within the firm to the business overall and its environment whereas HRM is the activities that take place under this area. † Truss and Gratton (1994). It spotlights on long-term strategy.Two theoretical perspectives to the Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM) will be introduced and compared to determine whether they manage to ‘high performance’ or not. First, the Universalist approach is ‘one best way’ of dealing human resource to improve business performance. Second, the Contingency approach is to align HR policies and practices with the details of business strategy to create a positive impact on business. In addition, two examples: a large company and a medium-size company will be used to illustrate both approaches practically.At the same time, there are issues associate with theoretical perspectives that need to be discussed. Such issues are the implementation problems as well as the measurement problems. After all, the question will be answered with analysing all of the above. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be identified by gathering views of researchers. To the final stage, both approaches are being recognised if the linkage is existence to ‘high performance’ and to the level of measure that are being noticed. Different approaches to SHRM * Universalist approachA Universalist approach is known as ‘best practice’ human resource management (HRM). This approach describes there is ‘one best way’ to manage people in order to improve organizational performance. It argues that all organizations, regardless of sector, size or country, will benefit from identifying, gaining commitment to and implementing a set of best HRM practices. The job of a researcher is to identify what the practices are, and a job of HR professional to implement them. For example, a research from Delery and Doty (1996) identify certain practices that improve organizational performance.The detailed components are ‘high performance work systems (HPWS)’ Berg (1999); Appelbaum et al (2000), ‘high commitment management’ Walton (1985); Guest (2001a, 2001b) and ‘high involvement management’ Wood (1999a). Another researcher by Jeffrey Pfeffer (1998) identifies that seven universally applicable practices will benefit all firms. The components include: 1) Employment security, 2) Careful hiring, 3) Self-managed teams and decentralized decision-making, 4) Comparatively high compensation, 5) Extensive training, 6) Low status distinctions and barriers, 7) Extensive sharing of financial and performance info rmation.The implication is that when a coherent bundle of HR practices is outlined, the integrated HR practices will impact positively on organizational performance. The ‘best practice’ HRM sees there is ‘one best way’ of managing people and that is appropriate across all circumstances. * Contingency Approach On the other hand, the Contingency approach is known as ‘best-fit’ HRM. It takes account of factors such as organizational size, location, sector, strategy and the nature of work. Baird and Meshoulam’s (1998) model advocates that HRM approaches will differ giving to different life-cycle stages.These life cycle stages ranges from start-up to maturity. While an organization is growing and maturing over time, it becomes gradually complex. Therefore, more sophisticated HR structures and policies are needed. This approach focuses on two types of ‘fit’ and ‘line management integration’. The first type is ‘E xternal fit’ and it is commonly known as ‘vertical fit’. It is in coherence and alignment with business strategy and external market factors. When HR policies and practices are aligned to strategic focus, performance will improve.Porter’s (1985) strategic options on 1) Cost Leadership, 2) Differentiation and Innovation and 3) Focus are adopted. The second type is ‘Internal fit’ and it can also interpret to ‘horizontal fit’. HR policies and practices are all fit together so that they are in coherence. They are also mutually reinforcing and are applied continuously. Jeffrey Pfeffer’s (1998) seven practices are adopted. Lastly, ‘Line management integration’ is when line managers act as a critical character in implementing HRM strategy. Best-fit’ HRM suggests that the best to manage people will vary depending on organizational circumstances, and hence, the link to business strategy is key. Empirical evidence of SHRM model * A large company – Tarmac The UK quarrying company Tarmac has over 12500 employees at present. The operations function is key to overall company’s performance. It needs the support of finance managers, zone managers and HR managers. A finance manager delivers financial and management accounts to contribute the strategic decision-making process by forecasting financial performance.A zone manager manages operational performance. They meet and improve targets for cost, quality, delivery, safety and business ethics shown in key performance indicators (KPIs). Lastly a HR manager ensures business managers apply HR policies and procedures. The company’s goal is to achieve objectives by motivating all individuals working together as one team across the business units and functions. Each objective has its strategies. The followings practices are to achieve ‘Engage employees’ and ‘Act Responsibly’ objectives.Firstly, Tarmac focuse s on a high level of employee involvement and encourages high employee commitment to the organization so that workers feel they are trusted and treated in an open and positive attitude. For example, employees regularly discuss with managers about their viewpoints within development teams. This helps workers feel part of the wider team, strengthens employee engagement and commitment to the company. Secondly, team-working practices create a closer supervision and a flat hierarchy. A coaching style manager develops employees to manage themselves rather than to manage each task.Employee’s suggestions are offered, and this contributes to improvements in organizational performance. An example of Tarmac targets and measures a decline in waste. In 2010, eighteen workshop-training sessions were held for all site employees on CO2 awareness and energy. All district managers were involved in the programme. Some external experts from Carbon Trust were also invited to support the rollout o f the training programme. As a result, Tarmac gained benefit from 500 energy and CO2 reduction. Overall, Tarmac adopted a high commitment strategy to meet the objectives.Therefore, it improved the company’s performance. * A small-medium size company – i-LEVEL i-Level is one of the most innovative digital media companies and is ranked the ‘Sunday Times 100 best companies to work for’ in 2004. It has a size of workforce of 60 employees. The i-Level company has a high level of financial performance. There was a 33 per cent increase in earnings per annum. Their guiding principles are used as a framework. This is to ensure the internal fit and the external fit of company. The company is at the growing stage which a lot of the recruitment effort is on discovering the potential staff. -Level frequently seeks appropriate employees to be supported to work with the company. To fit HR policies and practices together, i-Level uses physical arrangements to remove top-d own hierarchy in order to encourage employees’ participation, communication, creativity, self-managed teams and organisational values. As a result, a complete, open plan office is the environment where employees conduct their normal day-to-day operations. Moreover, i-Level sees pay is significant for performance. 15 per cent of the company’s pre-tax profit is kept for performance bonuses from 2003 to 2004.Meanwhile, the company argues pay is not their primary motivating force. On the other hand, the company aligns with business strategy and external environment by providing training courses for technical skills in media advertising. The company also offers an unusual training budget. There is an annual allowance provided for personal training and development purposes that are no obvious relation with work. The belief is to develop the skills and interests of workers in ways not studied before. This is expected to enhance i-level workers’ innovative thoughts at w ork through practices outside the company’s work area.To summaries, i-LEVEL achieves competitive advantage through innovation and which competes in very tight labour markets. It adopted Porter’s strategic option of ‘Focus’ and Pfeffer’s 7 practices to enhance the company's performance. Additional issues to reflect * Problems of implementation Line managers are central HRM performers in the organization, and they play a vital role in implementation of HR policies and practices. They influence their team‘s performance in a direct manner. A number of factors account for the line management problem. Firstly, it seems there is devolution to line managers.For instance, line managers do not want the responsibility of being a line manager or do not have enough time to deal with it accurately. They might not have the skills to handle HR issues successfully or are unaware of recent developments in view of HRM. Some managers do not consider a long-term v iew of the company or are inefficient for making policy in this area. Secondly, McGovern et al (1997), Marchington (2001) and Hutchinson and Purcell (2003) identify there are differences between ‘espoused’ and ‘actual’ policies that are relatively recognized to line managers.For example, some policies are normative rather than positive. Some descriptions of policies and practices are in general terms rather than analytical about actual situations. Hence, managers are unable to implement them specifically to meet the company’s goals. Furthermore, a broader issue, the line manager jobs in firms become progressively complex due to new firms’ structures. For instance, virtual and network companies have less clear line manager characters than the layered hierarchical company. One observable implication is pressure for reducing the size of the HR department.There will be a cut down in numbers of HR professionals. Ultimately, these factors all affect the organizational performance due to unsuccessful implementation of HR policies and practices. * Problems of measurement Fitzgerald (1991) and Neely (1998) stated that performance measurement is a key issue in guaranteeing the effective implementation of a firm’s strategy. However, using inadequate measurements is poor in supporting managements’ business objectives. The followings are the circumstances. Scientists use large-scale data groups made self-completed questionnaires.This will lead to two problems. First of all, there is dependence on one person, to represent the whole group. Secondly, there is dependence on a design of questionnaires. For example, respondents are answering yes or no questions rather than giving thoughts and opinions. This type of questions may generate a less accurate result. Moreover, there is uncertainty of how the data should be gathered, presented and analysed. The major problem is mis-reporting single respondents. Respondents may have limited knowledge of the area and use of policies.Furthermore, the measures of performance commonly take account of the financial performance, whereas there is a few findings focus on the broader issue of employee attitudes and well-being. Equally, there are matters to the range of HR practices. For instance, a report shows statistics of whether a company has self-managed teams, some may look at the proportion of workers running in a self-managed team. Lastly, Atkinson (2005) suggests that the measurement of productivity in the service sector can be exceptionally challenging.It is always easy to get typical, comparable financial statistics. To sum up, the measurement of data are related to the level of relevance to business performance. Critical analysis of the beyond * Best practice Pros ; Cons Research states there is a positive link between the HR practices and organisational performance. Firstly, Huselid (1995, p. 667) discovered that ‘the degree of returns for investments in High Performance Work Systems is significant’. In fact, ‘A one standard deviation rise in High Performance Work Systems practices is associated with a comparative 7. 5 per cent drop in labour turnover. On ‘per employee’ base, $27,044, $18,641 and $3814 more in sales, more in market value and profits respectively. Secondly, the workplace employee relation survey (Cully et al 1999) indicates that there is 14 per cent of organisations adopted high commitment strategy. In contrast, researcher (Delery 1998) also emphasized ‘deadly’ bundles of practices need to be avoided. For example, it occurs to managers giving reward based on individual performance while they are working as a team.Furthermore, Boxall and Purcell (2003, p. 64) commented while multi-national companies make the effort standardise their practices across nations, national perspective and organisational sectoral perspectives show criticism on the effectiveness of these practices. M archington and Grulis (2000, p. 1117) argue the most common example is in labour intensive organisations recognise costs are expensive when they use these practices. To summaries the best practice approach, Guest’s (1987) argues that there is no best practice.At the same time, he also suggests a set of best practices such as high commitment management is the route to survival of UK business. This leads to an argument that in order to enhance company performance, managers must alter their HR policies and practices to the framework that is operational. The interpretation comes to ‘best-fit’ approach. * Best-fit Pros ; Cons Thompson (2000) conducted two studies of firms in the UK aerospace industry. His first study in 1997 showed that with higher levels of value added per worker encourages greater diffusion of innovative working practices with their non-management employees.These organisations are towards to more heavily engaged in specialist production for niche ma rkets and hired technical and professional workers. The second study in 1999 showed evidence that organizations introduced a larger number of high performance work practices had much enhanced business performance. As a result, companies moving from less than five to more than six innovative practices created a 34 per cent increase in value added per worker. On the other hand, Miles and Snow (1984) align suitable managerial types to three genetic strategies of prospector, defender and analyser.If managerial properties and skills are aligned to company strategy, there will be a higher level of link to organisational performance. Thomas and Ramaswamy (1996) offered such support. As a result, performance in aligned firms was statistically excellent. In comparison, (Purcell 1999 p. 35) outlines that a number of successful organisations features that are unable to model. These are the cultural norms that have been developed gradually over a long period associated with accomplishment. It i s easy to identify the key factors that drive to success. Especially when the organisations are large and complex.Imaginably the major problem is that many organisations exist inside complex external environments with multiple contingencies that are not to be ignored or recognized. * Comparing both approaches Each approach has advantages evidence and disadvantages evidence. It could be argued that different approaches can apply in different sectors. For example, Guest (2001) advocates that there is the possibility that a high commitment management is most applicable in manufacturing i. e. Tarmac, while strategic choice for fitting with business strategy, is more credible in the service sector i. . i-LEVEL. As a whole, critically discuss the link between SHRM and performance. Evidence from Patterson et al (1997) examined sixty-seven manufacturing businesses in the UK for a period. The outcomes were 19 per cent of profitability and 18 per cent of the variation in productivity could be certified to HRM practices. This demonstrated HRM practices has a positive impact on organisational performance. Conclusion In summary, SHRM consists of a number of practices and is an organization level analysis of how HRM systems impact on performance.Two theoretical perspectives outline different views. The ‘best-practice’ approach defines there is ‘one best way’ of managing people. It is appropriate across all circumstances. Whereas ‘best-fit’ approach terms the best to manage people will change depending on organizational circumstances. It highlights the essence of linking business strategy. Tarmac was used as an example. It applied the ‘best practice’ approach and adopted a high commitment strategy to meet the objectives. Hence Tarmac improved its firm’s performance.I-Level was used an example to describe the competitive advantage the company had achieved through innovation while competing in extremely tight labour ma rket. It adopted Porter’s strategic option of ‘Focus’ and Pfeffer’s 7 practices to enhance the firm’s performance. Empirical evidences show both organisations are successful with adopting different approaches to their specific, targeted firms. These firms had a positive impact on performance. This can be concluded that SHRM has a clear link to business performance practically. In depth, other issues such as implementation and measurement roblems are considered. Problems of implementation affect the organizational performance due to unsuccessful implementation of HR policies and practices in line management. On the other hand, problems of measurement are valued on the basis of how easy and difficult the data is to represent and most importantly the level of relevance to business performance. If the relevance is slight, it may have little or no impact on business performance. In the final stage of comparing both approaches, many researchers’ po int of views is gathered. ‘Best-practice’ approach has advantages and disadvantages.It seems to argue that high commitment management is the route to successful business performance. On the other hand, the advantages and disadvantages of ‘best-fit’ approach suggest that applying this approach can be rigid and inflexibility due exists of complex external environments. Furthermore, in recent arguments, the product labour market seems to be emerged to a new post-industrial age where employers will tend to hire self-employed workers to carry out specific, time-limited projects for companies. This is due to the prediction of radical change.It can lead to a view that ‘best-fit’ approach should to be managed appropriately. This means practices should be adequate in different company’s life-cycle stage and align with different strategies. So that, it can feasibly enhance the organizational performance. Finally, strategic human resources manageme nt gives evidences, views, researches and facts to enhance organizational performance. However, the degree of high performance in context varies in different organizations under their circumstances. Hence, it does not necessary impact to ‘high’ performance.